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UL 1598 is mentioned in NEC Annex A and has several editions.

#1) 90.5(C) Explanatory Material.

A change in the <strong>NEC Style Manual</strong> during the 2023 code cycle has brought all definitions to Article 100

#2) Article 100.

Wiring in this device box under the sink must be accessible.

#3) Article 100 Definitions. Accessible (as applied to...

A kitchen “counter” is different than a “work surface”.

#4) Article 100 Definitions. Counter (Countertop).

NEC Section 694.40(A) states that attached metal parts, such as turbine blades and tails that are not “likely to become energized”, shall not be required to be grounded or bonded.

#5) Article 100 Definitions. Likely to Become Energize...

According to the Article 100 definition, an above ground pool <strong>of any water depth</strong> that is intended to be stored when not in use is considered “storable”.

#6) Article 100 Definitions. Permanently Installed Swi...

Notice the differences in circuit terminology between the 2020 and 2023 NEC.

#7) Article 100 Definitions. PV String Circuit.

Servicing often encompasses maintenance and repair activities.

#8) Article 100 Definitions. Servicing.

Leaving a tool in the wrong place and energizing the equipment can create a short circuit.

#9) Article 100 Definitions. Short Circuit.

All conductors are 250 Kcmil and can carry the same amount of current but notice the differences in the outside diameter.

#10) Article 100 Definitions. Stranding.

A conference room table is a type of Work Surface.

#11) Article 100 Definitions. Work Surface.

Cybersecurity is critical for network-connected life safety equipment to address its ability to withstand unauthorized updates and malicious attacks while continuing to perform its intended safety functionality.

#12) 110.3(A)(8) Cybersecurity.

QR codes are an acceptable way to obtain product installation instructions.

#13) 110.3(B) Installation and Use.

A permanent arc flash label shall be field, or factory applied to service equipment and feeder supplied equipment rated 1000 amperes or more.

#14) 110.16(B) Service Equipment and Feeder Supplied Eq...

Using OEM replacement parts is one option for equipment that requires repair during servicing.

#15) 110.17 Servicing and Maintenance of Equipment.

A low-voltage power circuit breaker is an example of equipment permitted by the NEC to be reconditioned (see NEC Section 240.2).

#16) 110.20 Reconditioned Equipment.

In the 2023 NEC, not only is the circuit source required to be marked, but the “location” of the circuit source as well.

#17) 110.22(A) Identification of Disconnecting Means.

Code Violation! The space in front of the enclosure shall comply with the depth requirements of Table 110.26(A)(1) and shall be unobstructed to the floor by fixed cabinets, <strong>walls</strong>, or <strong>partitions</strong>.

#18) 110.26(A)(4) Limited Access.

This inspection would not pass without a level grade, floor, or platform in the work space required for the enclosed panelboard.

#19) 110.26(A)(6) Grade, Floor, or Working Platform.

Must have one entrance to and egress from the required working space not less than 24 inches wide and 6.5 feet high at each end of the working space.

#20) 110.26(C)(2) Large Equipment.

Does this exit door open to at least 90°?

#21) 110.26(C)(3) Personnel Doors.

Notice the roof drain is routed into the required dedicated equipment space for some of the service equipment.

#22) 110.26(E) Dedicated Equipment Space.

The disconnect switch for this rooftop fan is within 50 feet from the equipment and can be seen while servicing the equipment.

#23) 110.29 In Sight From.

Section 200.6 provides the methods permitted for grounded conductor identification.

#24) 200.6 Means of Identifying Grounded Conductors.

Branch Circuits are the conductors between the final overcurrent device protecting the circuit and the outlet. Requirements for branch circuits over 1000 volts ac, or 1500 volts dc, nominal are now located in new Article 235.

#25) Article 210.

A multiwire branch circuit has two or more ungrounded conductors that have a voltage between them, and a neutral conductor that has equal voltage between it and each ungrounded conductor of the circuit.

#26) 210.4 Multiwire Branch Circuits.

If this measurement is within 6 feet from the top inside edge of the bowl of the sink, then listed Class A GFCI protection is required for the receptacle.

#27) 210.8 Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupter Protection ...

Since there is a sink and permanent provisions for beverage preparation in this dwelling unit bar area, all single phase, 125-volt through 250-volt receptacles installed in this “area” require GFCI protection.

#28) 210.8(A) GFCI Protection for Dwelling Units.

This receptacle requires GFCI protection even though it may not be within 6 feet of the sink.

#29) 210.8(B) GFCI Protection for Other Than Dwelling U...

In the 2023 NEC, most dishwashers, electric ranges, wall-mounted ovens, microwave ovens, and counter-mounted cooking units will require GFCI protection.

#30) 210.8(D) GFCI Protection for Specific Appliances.

An “<strong>Outlet</strong>”, according to the NEC Article 100 definition, is <strong><em>a point on the wiring system at which current is taken to supply utilization equipment</em></strong>.

#31) 210.8(F) GFCI Protection for Outdoor Outlets.

At least one 120-volt, 20-ampere branch circuit shall be installed to supply receptacle outlets, including those required by 210.52(G)(1) for attached garages and in detached garages with electric power.

#32) 210.11(C)(4) Garage Branch Circuits.

Branch/Feeder AFCI, Outlet Branch-Circuit-type AFCI, System Combination type AFCI.

#33) 210.12 AFCI Protection.

LED lighting and other energy efficient systems may benefit from the new allowance to use 10-ampere branch circuits.

#34) 210.18 Branch Circuit Rating.

Branch circuits are the circuit conductors between the final overcurrent device protecting the circuit and the outlet.

#35) 210.19 Conductors - Minimum Ampacity and Size.

10-amp branch circuits are permitted to supply dwelling unit exhaust fans on bathroom or laundry room lighting circuits.

#36) 210.23 Permissible Loads, Multiple-Outlet Branch C...

NEC Table 210.24(1).

#37) 210.24 Branch Circuits - Summary.

Before this code change, it could be argued that a receptacle was required on the wall to the right of the range since the wall space behind the range could be included when measuring for receptacles.

#38) 210.52(A)(2) Wall Space for Dwelling Unit Receptac...

The receptacles installed under the cabinets satisfy the required countertop outlets needed within 24 inches of the cook top.

#39) 210.52(C) Dwelling Unit Receptacle Outlets at Coun...

Hazards from having receptacles on islands and peninsulas have made them optional in the 2023 NEC.

#40) 210.52(C)(2) & (3) Island and Peninsular Counterto...

At least one 125-volt, single-phase, 15- or 20-ampere receptacle is required within 18 inches of the top of each show window.

#41) 210.62 Show Windows.

A required switch or wall-mounted control device in a dwelling must not rely exclusively on battery power unless a means is provided to automatically energize the lighting outlets when the battery dies.

#42) 210.70 Lighting Outlets Required.

The required barrier ensures that no energized terminal is exposed to inadvertent contact by people or equipment while servicing load terminals in the panelboard.

#43) 215.15 Barriers.

This Type 2 SPD is installed in the feeder supplied panelboard where dwelling unit branch circuits originate.

#44) 215.18 Surge Protection.

NEC Article 220 has been reorganized.

#45) 220.1 Scope.

The marking or labels REQUIRED BY Section 225.41 shall be located on the outside front of the disconnect enclosure with red background and white text.

#46) 225.41 Emergency Disconnects.

Service conductors are NOT permitted to be installed in the same underground box as non-service conductors.

#47) 230.7 Other Conductors.

TC-ER Cable suitable for service entrance applications.

#48) 230.30(B) & 230.43 Wiring Methods for Service Cond...

This SPD is in a subpanel downstream of the service. The SPD is not required to be in the service equipment as permitted in the exception to 230.67(B) if located at each next level distribution equipment downstream toward the load.

#49) 230.67 Surge Protection.

Some service disconnecting means configurations permitted in 2023 NEC Section 230.71(B).

#50) 230.71(B) Two to Six Service Disconnecting Means.

Molded case circuit breakers are NOT permitted to be reconditioned.

#51) 240.2 Reconditioned Equipment.

If an adjustable trip circuit breaker is installed in accordance with 240.4(B)(1-3), it is permitted to be adjusted to a value not exceeding the next higher standard size overcurrent device shown in Table 240.6(A) above the ampacity of the conductors being protected where restricted access is provided in accordance with 240.6(C).

#52) 240.4(B) Overcurrent Devices Rated 800 Amperes or ...

Section 240.6(D) was added to address some of the newer circuit breakers available that have adjustable settings which can be accessed remotely by a computer, smartphone, or tablet.

#53) 240.6(D) Remotely Accessible Adjustable-Trip Circu...

This new language applies if one or more feeder OCPD’s are required to be selectively coordinated with a service overcurrent protective device by other requirements in the NEC.

#54) 240.11 Selective Coordination.

UL listed fuse reducers.

#55) 240.60(E) Fuse Reducers.

Section 240.89 requires replacement trip units to be listed for use with the circuit breaker type in which they are installed.

#56) 240.89 Replacement Trip Units.

New Article 245 covers overcurrent protection for systems rated over 1000 volts ac (such as this 15kV medium voltage circuit breaker), 1500 volts dc.

#57) Article 245 Overcurrent Protection for Systems Rat...

Grounding electrode conductors are not permitted to be installed through equipment ventilation openings.

#58) 250.64(G) Enclosures with Ventilation Openings.

In some cases, the underground metal water piping enters the building into a basement or crawl space and connects to interior metal water piping that is technically within 5 feet of the point of entry but is actually more than 5 feet (as measured along the piping).

#59) 250.68(C) Grounding Electrode Conductor Connection...

#60) 250.102(C)(2) Size of SSBJ for Parallel Conductor ...

A wire-type EGC installed in compliance with 250.6(A) and the applicable requirements for both the EGC and the GEC in Parts II, III, and VI of Article 250 is permitted to serve as both an EGC and a GEC.

#61) 250.118 Types of Equipment Grounding Conductors.

Section 250.130(C)(4) permits running an equipment grounding conductor (EGC) from the new replacement switch to an EGC that is part of another branch circuit originating from the enclosure where the branch circuit for the switch originates.

#62) 250.130 Equipment Grounding Conductor Connections.

Upgrading to a meter socket enclosure equipped with a main service disconnect can render the existing service conductors as a feeder.

#63) 250.140 Frames of Ranges and Clothes Dryers.

The 1 ½ inch spacing from the lowest surface of the roof decking to the top of the raceway is not required where metal-corrugated roof decking is covered with at least 2 inches of concrete slab, measured from the top of the corrugated roofing.

#64) 300.4(E) Cables, Raceways, or Boxes Installed in o...

For insulated conductors’ size 4 AWG and larger, be sure to install the bushing BEFORE the conductors are installed.

#65) 300.4(G) Fittings.

NEC Table 300.5(A).

#66) Table 300.5 Minimum Cover Requirements.

The 6-inch free conductor required at each outlet, junction, and switch point is permitted to be spliced.

#67) 300.14 Length of Free Conductors at Outlets, Junct...

New Article 305 provides general requirements for wiring methods and materials for systems rated over 1000 volts ac, 1500 volts dc, nominal which includes medium voltage installations.

#68) Article 305 General Requirements for Wiring Method...

If there is ¾ inch or more spacing between the bottom of the raceway or cable and the rooftop, then no additional temperature adder is required.

#69) 310.15(B)(2) Rooftop.

If an angle pull, u-pull, or splice of conductors 4 AWG or larger is made in an overcurrent device enclosure, it must comply with Section 314.28(A)(2).

#70) 312.8(A) Splices, Taps, and Feed-Through Conductor...

Field installed screws or other fasteners entering cabinets must comply with Section 312.10.

#71) 312.10 Screws or Other Fasteners.

Cabinet covers are not permitted to be homemade.

#72) 312.102 Doors or Covers.

New Section 314.5 applies to screws or other fasteners installed in the field that enter wiring spaces and does not apply to those screws included as part of the listing and labeling of the box or other enclosure covered in Article 314.

#73) 314.5 Screws or Other Fasteners.

A terminal block in a box counts for a single volume allowance in accordance with Table 314.16(B)(1). This is for each terminal block <strong>assembly</strong> based on the largest conductor terminated to the assembly.

#74) 314.16(B)(6) Terminal Block Fill.

A connection to a pendant box equipped with a hub shall be made with a listed cord grip attachment fitting marked for use with a threaded hub.

#75) 314.23(H)(1) Pendant Boxes.

Since the wiring enters the center portion of the rear of a box opposite to the equipment, the minimum clearance shall be increased to 1⁄2”.

#76) 314.24(B)(4) Conductors 12 or 10 AWG.

That the term “side” applies to any wall of a box other than the one opposite the opening.

#77) 314.24(C) Clearances for Side-Wiring Entrances.

Covering an underground box is permitted if the box location is effectively described and accessible for excavation. A description of the underground box location must be made available to those authorized to access, maintain, or inspect the wiring.

#78) 314.29 Boxes, Conduit Bodies, and Handhole Enclosu...

Article 315 covers Medium Voltage Conductors, Cable, Cable Joints, and Cable Terminations.

#79) Article 315 Medium Voltage Conductors, Cable, Cabl...

Cable protection is required where cables are run across the top of framing members, or across the face of rafters or studding within 7 feet of the floor or horizontal surface.

#80) 320.23(A) Cables Run Across the Top of Framing Mem...

Type NM and Type NMC cables are now permitted to be used in detached garages of multifamily dwellings permitted to be of Types III, IV, and V construction.

#81) 334.10(2) Uses Permitted.

Where conduits are used with NM cables, a bushing is required at each end to protect the cable from abrasion.

#82) 334.15(B) Protection from Physical Damage.

Circled in yellow is a nonmetallic-sheathed cable with more than enough cable sheath extending in the enclosure. On the right are two nonmetallic-sheathed cables that have no cable sheath extending beyond the cable clamp, and the cable clamps are installed upside down.

#83) 334.19 NM Cable Entries.

The radius of the curve of the inner edge of the bend shall not be less than five times the cable diameter (based on the major diameter dimension for flat cables).

#84) 334.24 Bending Radius.

Standard clamps and dies that have not been modified could damage the PVC coatings and shall not be used on PVC-coated Rigid Metal Conduit.

#85) 344.28 Reaming and Threading.

Expansion fittings must be installed above grade when direct buried PVC conduit emerges from the ground and compensation is needed for earth settling or movement, including frost heave.

#86) 352.44 Expansion Fittings and Earth Movement.

In the 2023 NEC, Section 358.10(A)(1) was revised to specifically allow EMT in direct burial applications with fittings identified for direct burial.

#87) 358.10 Uses Permitted.

IBP is a cylindrical solid or hollow conductor with a solid insulation system, having a grounding layer and conductive grading layers imbedded in the insulation, and provided with an overall covering of insulating or metallic material.

#88) Article 369 Insulated Bus Pipe IBP/ Tubular Covere...

Flexible bus systems use a flat braided insulated conductor that provides greater flexibility than busduct without the bending radius limitations typical cables have.

#89) Article 371 Flexible Bus Systems.

Types SH, SHD, and SHD-GC portable power cables must be used from 2000 volts to 25,000 volts.

#90) Article 400 Part IV. Portable Power Feeder Cables ...

Some disconnect switches can be opened with a tool while energized.

#91) 404.30 Switch Enclosures with Doors.

GFCI and GFPE are not the same. GFPE is for equipment protection and typically designed to trip in the 30 mA or higher range.

#92) 406.4(D)(8) Receptacle Replacements and Ground-Fau...

Physical protection of floor receptacles must allow the operation of floor-cleaning equipment without damage to receptacles.

#93) 406.4(G) Protection of Floor Receptacles.

Receptacle faceplates equipped with integral night lights and/or USB chargers that connect by spring-tensioned contacts must be rated 1 watt or less and connected to brass or copper alloy receptacle terminal screws.

#94) 406.6(D) Receptacle Faceplates with Integral Night...

Hinged covers of outlet box hoods (installed in wet or damp locations) must be able to open at least 90 degrees, or fully open if the cover is not designed to open 90 degrees from the closed to open position.

#95) 406.9(A) & (B) Receptacles in Damp or Wet Location...

The zone where receptacles are not permitted extends to the floor in the 2023 NEC.

#96) 406.9(C) Bathtub and Shower Space.

There are many different types of tamper-resistant receptacles currently available.

#97) 406.12 Tamper-Resistant Receptacles.

The identification shall be included in a circuit directory that is located on the face, inside of, or in an approved location adjacent to the panel door.

#98) 408.4(A) Circuit Directory or Circuit Description.

In the 2023 NEC, 408.4(B) requires marking on switchboards, switchgear, and panelboards (supplied by a feeder) to indicate where the power originates, as well as its physical location.

#99) 408.4(B) Source of Supply.

Panelboards can be listed with or without an enclosure.

#100) 408.9 Replacement Panelboards.

This enclosed panelboard has a short-circuit current rating of up to 100kA and can be installed at a point in the electrical system where the available fault current is higher than 10kA in compliance with NEC 110.9, 110.10, 408.6, and 408.38.

#101) 408.38 Enclosure.

Ceiling-suspended (paddle) fans with luminaire (light kit) are not permitted within a zone measured 3 feet horizontally and 8 feet vertically from the top of the bathtub rim or shower stall threshold.

#102) 410.10(D) Bathtub and Shower Areas.

For indoor locations at other than dwellings and associated accessory structures, fluorescent or LED luminaires that use double-ended lamps and are equipped with ballasts or LED drivers that can be serviced in place must have a disconnecting means either internal or external to each luminaire.

#103) 410.71 Disconnecting Means for Fluorescent or LED ...

Flexible cord-connected horticultural lighting that is hard wired without a separable connector or attachment plug does not require GFCI protection. Flexible cord-connected horticultural lighting <strong>with an attachment plug</strong> must have GFCI protection. If over 150-volts to ground, SPGFCI is required.

#104) 410.184 GFCI Protection and SPGFCI Protection.

In the 2023 NEC, Part XVII was added to NEC Article 410 to provide minimal requirements for ultraviolet (UV) germicidal irradiation luminaires.

#105) Article 410 Part XVII Special Provisions for Ultra...

No metal parts of ceiling-suspended (paddle) fans in bathrooms and shower spaces shall be located within a zone measured 3 feet horizontally and 8 feet vertically from the top of the bathtub rim or shower stall threshold.

#106) 422.18 Ceiling-Suspended (Paddle) Fans.

Heating cables and cable sets must be installed no higher than 4 feet above the floor and require both GFCI and AFCI protection.

#107) 424.48 Installation of Cables in Walls.

Motors are permitted to be reconditioned if the reconditioning is conducted in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions or, if no instructions are provided, use nationally recognized standards.

#108) 430.2 Reconditioned Motors.

An example of a Design B Premium Efficient industrial motor.

#109) 430.52 Rating or Setting for Individual Motor Circ...

HVAC equipment not permitted within a zone measured 3 feet horizontally and 8 feet vertically from the top of a bathtub rim or shower stall threshold.

#110) 440.8 Single Machine and Location.

If the disconnecting means is readily accessible to unqualified persons (like in this public parking garage), any enclosure door or hinged cover of the disconnecting means enclosure that exposes energized parts when open requires a tool to open or must be capable of being locked.

#111) 440.11 General.

An HVAC disconnecting means must meet the working space requirements of NEC Section 110.26(A). The working space required for these HVAC disconnect switches is compromised by the line sets and Liquidtight conduits between the disconnect and the units.

#112) 440.14 Location.

Several changes regarding generator disconnecting means and emergency shutdown.

#113) 445.18 & 19 Disconnecting Means and Emergency Shut...

Areas designated as hazardous (classified) locations as well as those areas determined to be unclassified must be documented on an area classification drawing and other associated documentation.

#114) 500.4 Documentation.

New Table 13 in Chapter 9 (shown in part) provides one comprehensive table addressing all of the types of protection or protection techniques for hazardous (classified) locations.

#115) 500.7 Protection Techniques.

The area above hazardous locations in a commercial repair garage requires wiring methods in accordance with NEC Section 511.7(A)(1).

#116) 511.7 Fixed Wiring Above Class I Locations.

New Article 512 provides requirements for cannabis oil equipment and cannabis oil systems using flammable materials in the plant oil extraction process.

#117) Article 512 Cannabis Oil Equipment and Cannabis Oi...

The reconditioning requirements of the NEC does not apply to patient care-related electrical equipment.

#118) 517.6 Patient Care - Related Electrical Equipment.

The requirements in Part II of Article 517 are NOT applicable to a pharmacy that is not “contiguous” to a health care facility.

#119) 517.10(B) Areas Not Covered by Part II of Article ...

Wiring serving patient care spaces shall comply with the requirements of 517.13(A) and (B).

#120) 517.13 Equipment Grounding Conductor for Receptacl...

In the 2023 NEC, the new exception in 517.14 allows the use of an accessible, securely mounted aluminum or copper busbar for the required panelboard bonding.

#121) 517.14 Panelboard Bonding.

Tables 220.110(1) and 220.120(2) provide demand factors for receptacles supplied by general purpose branch circuits in specific patient care spaces.

#122) 517.22 Demand Factors.

Class 2 circuits that transmit power, data, or both to a powered device are permitted in places of assembly.

#123) 518.4(B) Communications, Signaling Systems, Data S...

Even exposed nonmetallic cable installations are easy targets for hungry rodents in non-agricultural buildings adjacent to other buildings used to confine livestock and under the purview of Article 547.

#124) 547.26 Physical Protection.

Mobile home service equipment shall not be mounted in or on the mobile home. The service equipment shall be mounted in a readily accessible outdoor location, and within sight from the mobile home it serves.

#125) 550.32 Service Equipment.

The service equipment supplying a floating building, dock, or marina must be located on land no closer than 5 feet horizontally from, and adjacent to the structure served.

#126) 555.4 Location of Service Equipment.

The equipotential plane must encompass the area around the equipment and must extend from the area directly below the equipment out at least 36 inches in all directions from where a person can stand and make contact with the equipment.

#127) 555.14 Equipotential Planes and Bonding of Equipot...

Existing equipment that has been damaged must be identified, documented, and repaired by a qualified person.

#128) 555.15 Replacement of Equipment.

For branch circuits, listed GFPE, rated not more than 30 milliamperes, shall be provided for shore power receptacles installed in accordance with 555.33(A).

#129) 555.35 Ground-Fault Protection of Equipment (GFPE)...

The emergency shutoff device or electrical disconnect shall be within sight of the marina power outlet or other enclosure that provides shore power to boats, readily accessible, externally operable, manually resettable, and listed for use in wet locations.

#130) 555.36 Disconnecting Means for Shore Power Connect...

An individual branch circuit is only required for EVSE outlets greater than 16 amperes or 120 volts.

#131) 625.40 Electric Vehicle Branch Circuit.

Section 625.42(A) covers installations where an EMS in accordance with 750.30 provides load management of EVSE.

#132) 625.42 Rating.

EVPE and bidirectional EVSE incorporating a power export function shall be permitted to be a part of an interconnected power system operating in island mode.

#133) 625.49 Power for Systems Operating in Island Mode.

In an area where welding takes place, it is common to see electrical cords of portable tools laying on the ground and being stepped on or being damaged from hot slag falling from a fresh weld and burning a hole into a nearby electrical cord.

#134) 630.8 Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupter Protection ...

Receptacles and outlets on single- or 3-phase branch circuits operating at voltages above 150 volts to ground, but not exceeding 480 volts phase-to-phase shall be provided with SPGFCI protection not to exceed 20-mA ground-fault trip current.

#135) 680.5 GFCI and SPGFCI Protection.

Relocating the equipment room receptacle requirements to Part I of Article 680 results in code language addressing receptacles in all pool, spa, hot tub, fountain, or similar equipment rooms which are common in casinos, hotels, malls, and other installations.

#136) 680.12 Equipment Rooms, Vaults, and Pits.

NEC Table 110.28 provides information on the suitability of different enclosure types.

#137) 680.14 Corrosive Environments.

If a pool pump motor in 680.21(C) is replaced or repaired, the replacement or repaired pump motor must be provided with ground-fault protection complying with 680.5(B) or (C), as applicable.

#138) 680.21(D) Pool Pump Motor Replacement.

For equipotential bonding, the shell of the splash pad includes the area traversed by pedestrians, bounded by the extent of the splash pad footing and rising to its exposed surfaces and its collection basin area.

#139) 680.54(C) Equipotential Bonding of Splash Pads.

A PV DC Circuit (as used in Article 690) includes any dc conductor in PV source circuits, PV string circuits, and PV dc-to-dc converter circuits.

#140) Figure 690.1.

PV Source Circuits include the PV dc circuit conductors between PV modules in a PV string circuit, and from PV string circuits or dc combiners, to dc combiners, electronic power converters, or a dc PV system disconnecting means.

#141) 690.2 Deletion of PV Output Circuit.

This inverter was mounted on the roof in compliance with a previous code cycle since language did not yet exist permitting it to be on a mezzanine inside the building that required a portable ladder to access it.

#142) 690.4(F) Electronic Power Converters Mounted in No...

2023 NEC Section 690.4(G) permits PV equipment where floating on bodies of water.

#143) 690.4(G) PV Equipment Floating on Bodies of Water.

When wiring PV modules in series the open circuit voltage (VOC) from the PV module nameplate is additive.

#144) 690.7 Maximum Voltage.

Bifacial PV modules can produce power from both sides of the PV module which is beneficial for PV module installations where adjacent building surfaces are highly reflective.

#145) 690.8(A) Calculation of Maximum Circuit Current.

Section 690.8(D) covers the sizing PV system DC circuit conductors when multiple PV string circuits are connected in parallel and protected by a single overcurrent device.

#146) 690.8(D) Multiple PV String Circuits.

Rapid Shutdown is not required for PV equipment and circuits installed on non-enclosed detached structures including but not limited to parking shade structures, carports, solar trellises, and similar structures.

#147) 690.12 Rapid Shutdown of PV Systems on Buildings.

Rapid shutdown not required for the house since the ground mounted PV array DC conductors terminate on the exterior of the house and do not enter it.

#148) 690.12(A) Controlled Conductors and Rapid Shutdown...

Common methods to comply with NEC 690.12(B) include the use of PV equipment with a limited max voltage of 80V as determined by 690.7, PVRSE, PVHCE, or any combination of these.

#149) 690.12(B) Controlled Limits.

Correct labeling for PV systems equipped with rapid shutdown is critical for first responders as they arrive and prepare to make their way to the rooftop.

#150) 690.12(D) Buildings with Rapid Shutdown.

The ac disconnect switch for this PV inverter (on the other side of the wall) is certainly readily accessible, and within 50 feet from the inverter, but it is not visible while an electrician is standing on this side of the fence servicing the inverter.

#151) 690.15(D) Equipment Disconnecting Means.

Can you spot any violations?

#152) 690.31(B) Identification and Grouping.

Be sure the rules used apply to the correct cable tray type.

#153) 690.31(C)(2) Cable Tray.

2023 NEC 690.31(G) covers PV Equipment and wiring methods over 1000 Volts DC.

#154) 690.31(G) Over 1000 Volts DC.

When PV system circuit conductors leave the vicinity of the PV array, equipment grounding conductors shall comply with 250.134.

#155) 690.43(C) Equipment Grounding Conductor Location.

Fittings shall be listed for use in wet locations.

#156) 695.6(D) Fire Pump Wiring.

In the 2023 NEC, new Section 700.11 provides a good start for introducing new language pertaining to Class-2-powered emergency lighting systems.

#157) 700.11 Wiring, Class-2-Powered Emergency Lighting ...

Unit equipment is a type of “Battery-Equipped Emergency Luminaire”, but a “Battery-Equipped Emergency Luminaire” is NOT a type of “Unit Equipment”.

#158) 700.12(H) Battery-Equipped Emergency Luminaires.

Devices that combine control signals with Class 2 emergency power on a single circuit shall be listed as emergency lighting control devices.

#159) 700.27 Class 2 Powered Emergency Lighting Systems.

Even though the language in 700.32(B) and (C) is triggered by replacing an OCPD in the “emergency system” or a modification, addition, or deletion “to the emergency system”, selective coordination should be reevaluated any time a replacement or modification occurs related to any OCPD that could impact the emergency system to comply with the new language in Section 240.11.

#160) 700.32 Selective Coordination.

The labeling required in 705.10 is now required to indicate the emergency telephone numbers of any off-site entities servicing the power source systems.

#161) 705.10 Identification of Power Sources.

Conductors connected between the line side of the service disconnect and the line side of an interconnected power production source disconnecting means are in fact “service conductors”.

#162) 705.11(A) Service Connections.

Per UL Product category code ZMVV, wire splicing and tap connectors investigated for use on the line side of service equipment are marked on the connector, the smallest unit container or on an information sheet placed in the smallest unit container with one of the following: “SR” or “Suitable for use on the line side of the service equipment,” or equivalent.

#163) 705.11(B), (C), and (F) Conductors and Connections...

All metal enclosures, metal wiring methods, and metal parts associated with the service connected to a power production source to be bonded in accordance with Parts II through V and VIII of Article 250.

#164) 705.11(D) and (E) Service Disconnecting Means, Bon...

Section 705.12(A)(2)(b) option 2 prohibits an overcurrent device at the load side of the power source connection point from being rated greater than the ampacity of the feeder.

#165) 705.12(A) Feeders.

For taps sized in accordance with 240.21(B)(2) or (B)(4), the ampacity of tap conductors shall not be less than one-third of the sum of the rating of the overcurrent device protecting the feeder plus the ratings of any power source overcurrent devices connected to the feeder.

#166) 705.12(A) Feeder Taps.

For 1 and 2-family dwellings, the ESS requires an emergency shutdown function with an initiation device located readily accessible outside the building.

#167) 706.15 Disconnecting Means.

CI cable, a fire-resistive cable system, or a <strong>listed electrical circuit protective system</strong> shall be permitted for use in systems that supply critical circuits to ensure survivability for continued circuit operation for a specified time under fire conditions.

#168) Article 722 Cables for Power-Limited Circuits and ...

New Article 724 covers Class 1 circuits, including power-limited Class 1 remote-control and signaling circuits, that are not an integral part of a device or utilization equipment.

#169) Article 724 Class 1 Power-Limited Circuits and Cla...

Article 725 covers power-limited circuits, including power-limited remote-control and signaling circuits, that are not an integral part of a device or of utilization equipment.

#170) 725.1 Scope.

#171) 725.24 Mechanical Execution of Work.

Fault-managed power systems are also referred to as packet energy transfer (PET), Digital Electricity (DE), Pulsed Power, and Smart Transfer Systems.

#172) Article 726 Class 4 Fault-Managed Power Systems.

#173) 760.33 Supply-Side Overvoltage Protection.

#174) 800.24 Mechanical Execution of Work.

The revised language in 2023 is about the conduit length and the connectors are not counted.

#175) Chapter 9 Notes and Tables.

NFPA 70E is the Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace.

#176) NFPA 70E Purpose and Scope.

Figure 90.4. NFPA 70E has an introduction, 3 Chapters and several informative annexes.

#177) NFPA 70E 90.4 Standard Arrangement.

Many panelboard cabinets have a lockable cover.

#178) NFPA 70E Article 100 Definitions.

The arc rating is expressed in cal/cm<sup>2</sup>.

#179) NFPA 70E Article 100 Definitions.

The arc flash boundary is an approach limit from an arc source at which incident energy equals 1.2 cal/cm<sup>2</sup>.

#180) NFPA 70E Article 100 Definitions.

The limited and restricted approach boundaries relate to electric shock hazards.

#181) NFPA 70E Article 100 Definitions.

Equipment has been locked/tagged in accordance with established standards.

#182) NFPA 70E Article 100 Definitions.

Available Fault Current values at the service equipment can be obtained from the electric utility company.

#183) NFPA 70E Article 100 Definitions.

The level of incident energy at a given point depends on things like voltage level, duration of the fault condition, amount of available fault current, and distance to the arc source.

#184) NFPA 70E Article 100 Definitions.

The interrupting rating is the highest current at rated voltage that a device is identified to interrupt under standard test conditions.

#185) NFPA 70E Article 100 Definitions.

A qualified person has demonstrated skills and knowledge related to the construction and operation of electrical equipment and installations and has received safety training to identify the hazards and reduce the associated risk.

#186) NFPA 70E Article 100 Definitions.

A risk assessment identifies hazards, estimates the likelihood of occurrence of injury or damage to health, estimates the potential severity of injury or damage to health, and determines if protective measures are required.

#187) NFPA 70E Article 100 Definitions.

Examples of step potential and touch potential.

#188) NFPA 70E Article 100 Definitions.

The workers face and chest are further from the arc source than his hands.

#189) NFPA 70E Article 100 Definitions.

The employer must establish and implement the safety related work practices as well as provide the employee with proper training on the safety program.

#190) NFPA 70E 105.3 Responsibility.

Is it truly necessary to work on the equipment while energized?

#191) NFPA 70E 110.2 Electrically Safe Work Condition.

Evidence of impending failure includes loose equipment parts and visible damage.

#192) NFPA 70E 110.2(B) Normal Operating Condition.

An electrical safety program including electrical safety procedures should be in place for those whose work involves electrical hazards.

#193) NFPA 70E 110.3 Electrical Safety Program.

The risk assessment procedure should identify hazards, assess risks and implement risk control according to the hierarchy of risk control methods.

#194) NFPA 70E 110.3(H) Risk Assessment Procedure.

Part of the job safety planning involves identification of the electrical hazards associated with each task.

#195) NFPA 70E 110.3(I) Job Safety Planning and Job Brie...

Proper auditing of the electrical safety program ensures that the program is up to date and reflects the most current version of NFPA 70E which is revised every three years.

#196) NFPA 70E 110.3(L) Auditing.

A Qualified Person is one who has demonstrated skills and knowledge related to the construction and operation of electrical equipment and installations and has received safety training to identify the hazards and reduce the associated risk.

#197) NFPA 70E 110.4(A)(1) Training Requirements. Qualif...

Additional training and retraining is required every 3 years to cover changes made to NFPA 70E.

#198) NFPA 70E 110.4(A)(3) and (4) Additional Training a...

Lockout/tagout training is for all employees involved in or affected by the lockout/tagout procedures required by 120.3.

#199) NFPA 70E 110.4(B) Lockout/Tagout Procedure Trainin...

Electrical test meters shall be rated for circuits and equipment where they are utilized.

#200) NFPA 70E 110.6 Test Instruments and Equipment.

Always verify the operation of the tester on a known voltage source <strong>before and after</strong> an absence of voltage test is performed.

#201) NFPA 70E 110.6(E) Operation Verification.

The lockout/tagout program must specify all required lockout/tagout procedures and practices.

#202) NFPA 70E 120.2 Lockout/Tagout Program & Responsibi...

The lockout/tagout device shall be unique and readily identifiable as a lockout/tagout device.

#203) NFPA 70E 120.3 Lockout/Tagout Principles.

For the simple lockout/tagout, a written lockout/tagout plan is not required and there is never more than one source of electrical energy.

#204) NFPA 70E 120.5(A)(4) Simple Lockout/Tagout Procedu...

When multiple disconnecting means must be locked out to perform a task, a complex lockout/tagout procedure must be used.

#205) NFPA 70E 120.5(A)(5) Complex Lockout/Tagout.

In industrial facilities, a circuit being de-energized may result in an automatic shutdown process that involves moving equipment finishing out the current process.

#206) NFPA 70E 120.5(B)(1-3) Elements of Control.

Once a disconnecting switch is locked in the open position, grab the handle, and try to turn it back on. Always double check and verify that the equipment cannot be restarted before starting to work on the equipment.

#207) NFPA 70E 120.5(B)(4-6) Elements of Control.

The location, sizing, and application of temporary protective grounding equipment shall be identified as part of the employer’s job planning.

#208) NFPA 70E 120.5(B)(7) Temporary Protective Groundin...

Is this disconnecting means properly locked out and tagged out?

#209) NFPA 70E 120.5(B)(11) Lockout/Tagout Application.

Before electric circuits or equipment are re-energized, visual inspections shall be conducted to verify that all tools, mechanical restraints and electrical jumpers, short circuits, and temporary protective grounding equipment have been removed.

#210) NFPA 70E 120.5(B)(13) Release for Return to Servic...

Visually verify that all blades of the disconnecting devices are fully open.

#211) NFPA 70E 120.6(1-6) Process for Establishing and V...

NFPA 70E does NOT permit using a noncontact type tester when testing for the absence of voltage on electrical systems rated 1000 volts or less.

#212) NFPA 70E 120.6(7) Testing for Absence of Voltage.

Temporary protective grounding cable.

#213) NFPA 70E 120.6(8) Induced Voltage and Stored Elect...

There are two methods to determine the correct selection of arc flash PPE; the incident energy analysis method or the arc flash PPE category method.

#214) NFPA 70E 130.1 Scope.

The worker suits up in category 1 PPE before opening the gear to perform thermography within the restricted approach boundary. Which required items are clearly missing from the workers PPE selection?

#215) NFPA 70E 130.2 Electrically Safe Work Conditions V...

Specific items are required to be documented on the energized work permit.

#216) NFPA 70E 130.2(B) Elements of an Energized Electri...

Certain activities are permitted without an energized electrical work permit but being exempted from an energized electrical work permit does not also mean that PPE is not required for the task.

#217) NFPA 70E 130.2(C) Exemptions to an Energized Elect...

If the zombie needs to walk past the green line into the limited approach boundary, he must be advised by and escorted by a qualified person.

#218) NFPA 70E 130.4(E) and (F) Electric Shock Protectio...

Table 130.4(E)(a) in the NFPA 70E provides shock protection approach boundaries to exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts for alternating-current systems.

#219) NFPA 70E Table 130.4(E)(a) Shock Protection Approa...

Table 130.4(E)(b) in the NFPA 70E provides shock protection approach boundaries to exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts for DC systems.

#220) NFPA 70E Table 130.4(E)(B) Shock Protection Approa...

Table 130.5(C) Estimate of the Likelihood of Occurrence of an Arc Flash Incident for ac and dc Systems.

#221) NFPA 70E Table 130.5(C) Estimate of the Likelihood...

Table 130.5(C) Estimate of the Likelihood of Occurrence of an Arc Flash Incident for ac and dc Systems.

#222) NFPA 70E Table 130.5(C) Estimate of the Likelihood...

Table 130.5(C) Estimate of the Likelihood of Occurrence of an Arc Flash Incident for ac and dc Systems.

#223) NFPA 70E Table 130.5(C) Estimate of the Likelihood...

Table 130.7(C)(15)(a) Arc-Flash PPE Categories for Alternating Current (ac) Systems.

#224) NFPA 70E Table 130.7(C)(15)(a) Arc-Flash Hazard PP...

Table 130.7(C)(15)(a) Arc-Flash PPE Categories for Alternating Current (ac) Systems.

#225) NFPA 70E Table 130.5(C)(15)(a) Arc-Flash Hazard PP...

The worker suits up in category 1 PPE before opening the gear to perform thermography within the restricted approach boundary. Which required items are clearly missing from the workers PPE selection?

#226) NFPA 70E Table 130.7(C)(15)(c) Protective Clothing...

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